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Osteopenia refers specifically to a condition characterized by lower-than-normal bone density, often described as bone thinning. This occurs when the body loses too much bone mass or does not produce enough bone. It is typically considered a precursor to osteoporosis, which is a more severe bone density reduction that greatly increases the risk of fractures and other skeletal issues.

Understanding this condition is crucial, especially in the context of health and fitness, as it emphasizes the importance of weight-bearing exercises, proper nutrition, and potentially supplementation as strategies to maintain or improve bone health. The other options, while related to musculoskeletal health, do not accurately define osteopenia. Excessive muscle mass is not related to bone density, joint inflammation pertains to conditions like arthritis, and fluid accumulation in joints is often associated with joint problems like bursitis.